Transactions various industrial plasma surface
applications are used. With plasma surface treatment
region near the surface of the material surface and structural
properties changing Abrasion, corrosion resistance and
mukavemetiarttnl?r fatigue. In this study, the plasma state
and plasma are given by difüzyonal i?iemlerhakkmda information.
Key words: Plasma, Ion nitriding, surface
operations
Plasma surface treatments are used for various industrial
applications. Plasma surface treatments
abrasion, corrosion resistance and fatigue develop
Changing the properties of surface and near surface strength ~
region of the material. In this study, the plasma state
and plasma diffusion processes are introduced.
Key words: Plasma, ion nltriding, surface treatments
Ataturk University, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical
Engineering

INTRODUCTION
üzey hardness, abrasion resistance and fatigue resistance to increase my
purposes used surface treatments, microstructure, chemical
diffusion and ion implantation in three groups to
can be examined. The first two actions, mostly iron based materials
apply. The first category, Microstructure of surface material
When you change, any change in the interior of the material
olmamaktad?r. In the second category, and Microstructure of the surface and
Composition varies. The third group, the main material alloyed with
ionic form of the upper surface of the material parts with implantation
(0.1 | XM over) degistiren implantation process includes. Microstructural
operations, cheap and special materials such as chemical diffusion process
required. But the chemical process with diffusion depth serde?tirme
better control the high stiffness and less material to be multiplied
obtain [1]. Figure l surface hardness of Iron Based Materials
commonly used surface treatments to increase s?n?fland?r?lm??t?t.
In general, the thermochemical process solid, liquid or gas environment
perform. Developments in recent years, this process for most
electrical discharge (glow discharge) environment has been started to be used.
Nowadays, this method widely in Europe, America and
Is widely accepted by manufacturers in Japan. Known surface
according to serde?tirme method, plasma surface treatments serde?tirme
has important advantages [2]. These are: reliability, environmental hygiene,
economy, short processing time, easy masking excellent Abrasion
resistance, minimal distortion, check your structure.
Electrical discharge (GLOW discharge)
Article of the solid, liquid, gas and plasma state has to be 4. This
Main difference between Hal they have is energy. That matter
Changing positions, will be given is related to energy. Example kau
in case of a substance, energy-giving liquid, liquid becomes energized gas,
The items in a certain situation and GAS also supply energy into the plasma
It is possible to spend. Given that this process will be drawn to this
take back again by energy from the gas into plasma, liquid and solid become
It is possible to spend.
Plasma, in the ion, electron, uyarilmis atoms, photons and neutral
is a mixture containing atoms or molecules. In practice, plasma, heat energy
given, or Electrical discharge is obtained by irradiation. Plasma obtained
to the most important and most common method to navigate
electrical discharge is. Mechanism of electrical discharge, an electrical
voltage source in the two conductive plates gas
occurred between certain conditions, if you connect to,
gas between the applied voltage plates Puncture
voltage is on, between the two plates
electrical discharge, and this happens between two conductive plates
As an electric current flow occurs. Current flowing
according to the size of the resulting electrical discharge
systems can be classified [3]. Figure 2, gas discharge
regions and regions and types of electric arc discharge
Voltage-current characteristic is shown [4].
Figure 1 Classification of Thermal and Chemical Surface Treatment
Ahm (A)
Figure 2 Voltage-Current Characteristics of Different Types Elektrlki discharge [4].

THERMOCHEMICAL SURFACE WITH PLASMA
TRANSACTIONS
Use of the plasma environment of surface treatment
are becoming more common. The foundation of this method
Bernhard Berghaus almost 70 years ago [5,6] by
taken, and today an indispensable element for the industry
was. Plasma assisted goal in the diffusion process,
such as carbon or nitrogen atoms between the tracks where the surface
to send. Atoms contained within this material
alloys as wear and corrosion combined elemenderiyle
Creates a durable structure. These methods basically
is applied to the alloy steel. Table de l’applied
Plasma assisted thermochemical process for transactions
Table 7 Overview of Plasma Assisted Surface Treatment
article
be classified as thermochemical process. Because
transactions occur is entirely ostenrak ?ardarda.
This process at temperatures between 850-1050 ° C
maintained. After this process the material thermal
almost no multiplication, because the vacuum cooling
environment is. Homogeneous parts geometry
layer is not important to get him to geometry
thickness can be obtained with homogeneous materials. Even
Selecting the best process parameters and 0.5 mm in diameter
Even a hole can be carbide [12]. Carburation plasma,
processing time is short, less distortion and structure
can be checked in the industry due to their advantages such as
Very wide field of application has found.
Applied Process
Plasma carburation
Plasma nitriding
Plasma
nitrokarbürleme
Plasma borlama
Basic Logic
Carbon and çözünümü
subsequent quenching
Arayer N’ua çözünümü
Arayer C and N
çözünümü
Arayer Bor çözünümü
Operating Temperature
(° Q
800-1000
350-590
450-580
700-1000
Process
Pressure
(mbar)
1-20
1-10
1-10
1-10
Results Obtained
Surface
Serüi?i (HV)
700-800
500-1200 •
800-1100
1800-2000
Diffusion
Layer
Thickness (um)
50-2000 •
50-1500
5-10
5-400
According to the temperature and pressure, the resulting surface hardness and
diffusion layer thickness are given.
Plasma carburation
Carburation process, low-carbon steels, 850 –
925 ° C between the HOT to the surface to absorb carbon
is based on. Carburation process in plasma,
first study in 1934 Egan [7] were made by
received a patent. Vani in 1960 [8] with plasma
carburation system established. However, this system
According to the advantages of the process is not known carburation
was. Last y?llarda established plasma carburation
systems according to known techniques, this method an
many advantages have been revealed [9,10,11]. Today
Established industrial purposes with many plasma
carburation system is available.
Carburation plasma process, with plasma nitriding
process is almost the same. Only gas used
and voltage values are different. In this process, direct current
used. And 1 -20 torr gas pressure, anode and cathode
Usually by applying a voltage between 1000 vokluk
Plasma is created. Carburation gas usually
is a hydrocarbon. Carburation process austenitic
Plasma nitriding
Ferrite phase nitriding of iron based materials
consisting of nitrogen with yay?nma is a thermochemical process.
Hardening process is performed between 500-590 ° C temperature.
First in 1920 and from that date to be used baslanmis
Has found a wide range of usage in the industry. Basic
the salt bath, gas and dust in three nitriding
nitriding method is. Surface hardness and serde?me
depth of processing time, temperature, gas mixture and iron
Based materials depends on the alloy content [2].
Last y?llarda with plasma nitriding method, known
method has many advantages compared to nitriding
Because of the industry has drawn the attention. Plasma
nitrürasyon method of electrical discharge (glow discharge)
conditions occur. Swiss in 1930 first as
bernard was patented by engineer Berghaus
[5,6]. In this method, material to the surface were ionized
Nitrogen is used to disseminate state of active and reactive plasma.
Electrical conductive materials processing theoretical
surface N atom arayer is the process of yay?nma [2].
Plasma nitrürasyon process N2, H2, Ar and NH3 gas
environment, between 350-590 ° C can be performed.
Engineers and Mechanical • Cut: 43 Issue: 510 19
article
Surface of the material will become hard-Cr, Al, V, Mo and Ti
contain elements such as surface hardness than alloy
will increase. After plasma processing nitrürasyon tr
and its area in the white layer on the outside layer of Diffusion
called structures (Figure 3).
Figure 3 Ma ‘> Amit SEM •
GORUNUSU. j
Nowadays used for military purposes as plasma
the nitriding process, especially in the engine piston, crankshaft
The valve shaft in the shaft in the Cam, in gear, drill, punch
in cutting tools, such as deep drawn material can,
rotation and tilt the whole machine to be exposed in Part
used. This process of economic and easy
implementation uses the art?rm??r?r industry.
Plasma Nitrokarbürleme
Basically nitrokarbürleme, solid, liquid and gas or
Electrical discharge conditions is performed.
Today, this process both liquid and gas atmosphere
As is done frequently. Where the desired objective conditions
Phase One is the creation of appropriate e-N?TRÜR layer
(Figure 4). However, this process required yapilirken Sardar
Many challenges are emerging in the formation. This
a large majority, scattered from the surface during operation
The effect of carbon is related. Because scattered carbon,
Selected to participate in the nitriding gas mixture. Much
participate in the gas mixture in the amount of carbon in the case
white layer, (E) ’s in (Fe3C) cemented
create. This case, the function of this layer is full
As can prevent vision [12],
450-580 ° C temperature of the plasma process nitrokarbürleme
between nitrogen and iron based materials to the surface of
containing carbon yay?nma thermochemical process.
Y-iron at the surface with N?TRÜR E-N?TRÜR layer, it
occurs in areas Diffusion layer. Plasma nitriding
. Figure 4 In Nitrokarbürlenmi? Materials (pure iron) Niirokarbürlü
The optical microscope GORUNUSU Layer. T = 560 “C, t = 1 h [14]
process gases used in this process contrary azothidrojen –
Methane or nitrogen-hydrogen-karbondioksit’tir
[15.16]. Nitrokarbürleme process first with the plasma,
process gas as CH, was used. But very small
amount of CH4 in the use of bile semennt fragile and E
and later was seen to occur nitrürün
Research in this issue to the environment given C 0 2 gas
has been corrected. The purpose of this process, low-carbon and low
the alloy steel layer on the surface of e-N?TRÜR
Corrosion and Corrosion resistance is to increase by creating
[17]. These transactions are usually simple and low-carbon steel
Such as alloy steel is cheaper in the market
Improves the surface of materials is used. Process
as variables associated with fatigue and leakage
Strength and corrosion resistance is increased in certain cases.
Aras in wear and corrosion resistance, that occurs at the surface
Single Phase white layer (E-N?TRÜR) allows occurs.
Plasma ?ardar?nda realized nitrokarbürleme,
process is environmentally friendly, convenient process variables
Single Phase phase with E N?TRÜR easy to obtain and Factors
gas and energy consumption due to less preferred
is.
Plasma Borlama
Since the beginning of last century, started to work
borlama very hard, has a low coefficient of friction,
high temperatures in excess of Strength and Corrosion
possible to obtain surface-resistant materials
is. A thermochemical surface serde?tirme method
In the snoring, boron atoms to the metal surface
boron layer as hard yay?narak thermochemical
form. During FEB Borlama and Fe2B
occurs in the surface layer (Fig. 5), and these layers
hardness 1800-2000 HV ç?karulabilir value. Obtained
20 Ciit: 43 Issue: 510
article
Figure 5 Boron in the material (AISI 4140) with boron of the Optical Layer
Microscope GORUNUSU, T = 950 “C, I = 1 h [19]
This hard layer increases abrasion resistance.
This method at temperatures of approximately 700-1100 ° C, different
environment (solid, liquid, gas or plasma) and non-alloy
of alloy steel, cast iron with iron and other metals
their alloys (Ni, Co, Mo, Ti), these alloys powder
produced by the method of powder metallurgy, some super -
many materials such as alloys with the group Sermet
applied. Process only packets between Borlama
B4C-SiC powder using KBF4-borlama commercial
as widely used [1.18].
With regard to plasma borlama process approximately 20
Exceeds the time of year to work, although not yet fully
understood. Ar, H2 gas and bit boron source
In BC13, B, H6, BF3veya B ^ ^ CH (trimetilborat)
using the 800-1000 ° C temperature, such as about 10′2 Pa
Built on a low-pressure plasma in
is the snoring. Microstructure and demirbor layers
The growth process temperature, gas mixture ratios, material
composition, process and exchange rate pressure
applied current density can be controlled with
[18.19]. This method in Germany in the automotive sector
Because of superior properties of processed used
has attracted the attention of industry and increasing research interest
concentrated [20].

RESULTS
Started to be implemented today with plasma
thermochemical surface treatments were examined, the following
Advantages that can be seen;
• Plasma surface treatments made with entirely with the environment
friendly is
• “First, although the high investment costs, transaction
cost is very low,
• Processing time is short,
• Surface applied to process the material wear and
corrosion resistance is very high,
• Work on track to be hit are low,
• After the procedure it is possible to control that occurs içyap?n?n,
• Surface hardening process unwanted places
Masking is easy,
• Normal surface hardening process than
process can be performed at lower temperatures,
References
1. Bhushan, B., Gupta, K. B., Handbook of Tribology,
McGraw-Hill, US.A, (1991).
2. Strafford, KN, Smart, R., C, Sare, I, Subramarn, C, Surface
Engineering, Technomic Publishing Company, USA, (1995).
3. Karadeniz, S., Plasma Technology, TMMOB, MMO, Publications
no: 137, Ankara, (1990).
4. Edenhofer, B., Physical and metallurgical aspects
Ionitriding. Heat Treat Metals, V2, (1974), p59 ki.
5. Berghaus, B., German Patent DRP 668, 669 (W32).
6. Berghaus, B., German Patent DRP 851, 540 (1939). •
7. Egan, JJ, United States Patent 1, 407 in April 1934.
8. Vani, VS, Russian Metallurgy and Fuels, V3, (1960), P50.
9. Edenhofer, B., Harterei Technische Mitteilungen, v29, 3,
(1973), pl65.
10. Collignon, P., Michel, H., and Gantois, M., Traitement
Thermique, V2, (1978), P43.
11. Grube, WX., Vac Sei Technol, V16, 2, (1979), p335.
12. Staines, A. M., Thermochemica! A Glow Discharge and Treatment of
Surface Environmental Eng., (1985), p739.
13. Alsaran, A., Steel, A., Structural Characterization and Ionnitrided
AISI 5140 low alloy steel, Materials Characterization,
V47, 3-4, (2001), p207.
14. MALINOVA, T., Malinov, S., Pantev, N., Simulation and
Microhardness Profiles by layer Nitrocarburized
Artificial nueral Network, Surf. Caot. Tech., V135, (2001), p258.
15. Hadfleld, J., M.Sc. Thesis, University of Birmingham, (1986).
16. Rie, K.T and Lampe, T., Proc. Conf. Heat Treatment ‘84
May, (1984).
17. Edenhofer, B., Physical and metallurgical aspects
Ionitriding. Heat Treat Metals, V2, (1974), p23 ki.
18. Rie, K T., Son Geli?meler Plazma Difüzyon Süreci, Surf.
Jackets Tech., VI12, (1999), p56.
19. Kuper, A., Qiao, X., Stock, HR, Mayr, P., A Novel Approach
gas Boronizing, Surface Coatings and Technology, for
V130, (2000), P87.
20. Cabeo, E.R., Laudien, G., Biemer, S., Rie, K.-T.,
Hoppe, S., Plasma-assisted Industrial Components Bonds
D. A Pulse C. Glow Discharge, Surface and
Coating Technology, VI16-119, (1999), p229.

Related posts:

1. Carbon fiber and Kevlar motorcycle gas tank This was my race tank (carbon fiber and kevlar) last...
2. Need to know about technique A long time ago, back in high school, my science...
3. Lumpy Zn surface ? I have had good success with Zn plating on my...

Manufacturers and distributors of anodizing equipment and supplies.

Alpha Process
Aluminum Cathode System
Anodizing Package Module
Anodizing Package Module
Chiller Systems Available Rectifiers
Engineered Systems Division Chiller Systems

Available Rectifiers Designed Systems DivisionAdditional Information anodizing,aluminum anodizing,anodizing equipment,anodizing kits
Watropur Watropur Waste Minimization

Anodizing Package Module
For the serious business minded shop
A complete anodizing system including state of the art equipment for the professional shop. It includes everything needed to run the most common Type II anodized aluminum parts in single modularized section taking up only an area of 4′X10′.
Here is what is supplied in the package:
1) 1-12 station polypro tank module with compartments sized at 18″X 24″X30 deep”. These stations are as follows: 1-cleaner,2-rinse,3-etch,4-rinse,5-deoxidzer,6-rinse,7-anodize,8-spray rinse,9-rinse,10- seal,11-spray rinse,12-hot rinse.
2) Rectifier -SCR 100amp/24 volt with digital ramp and timer
3) 2 ton chiller with circulation pump
4) N>TEC aluminum bussing system, heat exchanger, and a sparger system with low pressure blower
5) Heaters and controllers to maintain temperatures.
6) 1 all purpose Aluminum rack
7) Instruction manual, test panels and 4 hrs of phone consulting
The set up is complete and ready for your maintenance people to connect*. Just bring water and power to the terminals provided and fill with appropriate solutions defined in the instruction manual. A Hard coat Type III option is available.

Related posts:

1. Chrom Information? I wanted to note if anyone could tell me where...
2. Type 3 anodizing setup Hi there, Our shop is looking at doing our anodizing...
3. Information? Hello, I have been looking at the Caswell Kits, and...